EX no 2:

Kali linuxperform basic network scanning using the Nmap tool. identify services,open ports,active hosts,operating systems, and vulnerabilities

NMAP TOOL

command: sudo nmap -sn 10.203.12.57/24

-sn → Ping scan (no port scan)

/24 → Scans entire subnet (adjust to your network)

This shows which IP addresses are active.

Suffix

means:

256 IP addresses scanned → You scanned a /24 network (10.203.12.0–10.203.12.255).
256 hosts up → Nmap believes every single IP address is alive.
11.82 seconds → Total time taken for the scan.

Instead of ping scan (-sn), try scanning one IP fully:

Command : sudo nmap -sS -sV -O 10.203.12.1

Identify Open Ports

Scan that target (example IP used below):


sudo nmap -p- 10.203.12.5

Identify Services & Versions


sudo nmap -sV 10.203.12.5



Detect Operating System
sudo nmap -O 10.203.12.5

Check for Vulnerabilities
Basic vulnerability scan:
sudo nmap --script vuln 10.203.12.5